DNS Amplification Attacks
There has been a lot of talk recently about DNS amplification attacks (with prominent news reports of high bandwidth attacks targeted at anti-spam services, cloud providers, financial institutions, etc). These are a class of denial of service attack that use DNS servers to emit large amounts of traffic onto unsuspecting victims. The attackers use the forged source addresses of their victims to send a large stream of queries to the DNS servers, and this results in a much larger stream of responses being sent from those DNS servers back to the victim computers - with the aim of overwhelming them or their network connections. Although the DNS servers employed in the attack can become adversely impacted, the primary target of the attacks are the computers whose addresses are being forged.